New archaeological discoveries on the Croatian island of Šćedro are reshaping historical understanding, revealing evidence of human habitation dating back 7,000 years. These findings significantly extend the known timeline of settlement in the Adriatic region, offering new insights into prehistoric life, trade, and cultural interactions.
Groundbreaking Discovery in Ratina Cave
The presence of human activity in Ratina Cave was first documented in 1923 when archaeologist Grga Novak uncovered Iron Age ceramic fragments. For nearly a century, these remains were considered the earliest signs of life in the cave. However, recent excavations led by Kantharos d.o.o., in collaboration with the Friends of Šćedro Association and the Municipality of Jelsa, have drastically altered this perception.
Despite excavating only a 1.5-by-1.5-meter section of the site, researchers unearthed 250 ceramic fragments, 97 animal bones, 109 marine shells and snails, and four stone tools. The variety and volume of these artifacts indicate that the cave was an important site for human activity over an extended period.
Ceramic Findings Connect Šćedro to the Hvar Culture
Among the most significant discoveries were 67 ceramic fragments with distinctive characteristics, including semi-spherical bowls with ringed rims and smooth surfaces adorned with carved geometric patterns. These designs link the artifacts to the Hvar culture, which thrived between 5000 and 4300 BC.
The ceramics closely resemble pottery from Grapčeva Cave on the nearby island of Hvar, a major Neolithic site. This connection suggests that Ratina Cave was occupied contemporaneously with other key settlements, raising new questions about its role in prehistoric Adriatic networks.
Early Trade and Maritime Connections
Analysis of the stone tools revealed that their raw materials did not originate from Šćedro. Instead, they appear to have been transported from other Adriatic islands, mainland Croatia, or possibly even regions across the sea. This supports the theory that trade and maritime routes were already well established during the Neolithic period.
Given Šćedro's strategic location along important sea routes, researchers believe the island may have played a vital role in early trade and communication between settlements on Hvar, Korčula, Pelješac, and beyond.
Future Research and Excavation Plans
Although only a small portion of Ratina Cave has been excavated, the density of artifacts suggests it may have served as either a long-term settlement or a seasonal shelter and workspace.
Future research will expand excavations to the plateau outside the cave, which is positioned near the sea and fertile land. Additionally, archaeologists aim to explore traces of the later Hvar-Nakovan culture, which remains largely unstudied.
These groundbreaking discoveries are redefining the history of Šćedro, providing a deeper understanding of the prehistoric communities that once thrived along the eastern Adriatic coast.
