In the vast expanse of northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region lies a hidden gem of historical significance - the relics site of a Nestorian monastery in Turpan. Nestorianism, also known as Jingjiao in Chinese, represents the earliest form of Christianity introduced to China, and the discovery of this monastery unveils a chapter of cultural exchange and integration that transcends borders and centuries.
This undated photo shows a wooden cross discovered at the relics site of a Nestorian monastery in Turpan, northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. (Xinhua)
After two years of meticulous excavation, archaeologists unveiled a treasure trove of cultural relics, among which a well-preserved jade cross stands as a testament to the convergence of Nestorianism with local traditions. Liu Wensuo, a professor at Sun Yat-sen University leading the excavation project, emphasized the symbolic significance of the jade cross, highlighting its embodiment of the fusion between Nestorianism and traditional Chinese culture.
Spanning an area of approximately 2,500 square meters, the monastery stands as a remarkable testament to the architectural prowess of its builders. Comprising ritual halls, kitchens, wine cellars, libraries, and storage rooms, this relatively well-preserved structure offers a glimpse into the daily lives and religious practices of its inhabitants during the Tang and Song dynasties.
The journey to unearth this hidden gem traces back to the early 20th century when German explorers first documented the relics site in their reports. Drawing from these historical records, archaeologists in Turpan embarked on a quest to locate the monastery, culminating in the confirmation of its location at the southern foot of the Flaming Mountain.
In a collaborative effort between Sun Yat-sen University, the Xinjiang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, and the Xinjiang Academy of Turfan Studies, the first archaeological excavation took place from September to December 2021, followed by a second excavation from February to April 2023. These endeavors yielded not only tangible artifacts but also a wealth of historical documents, totaling 871 in number, shedding light on the religious practices and cultural exchanges that once thrived within the monastery's walls.
Liu underscores the rarity of the Nestorian site in Turpan, emphasizing its significance not only within China but on a global scale. The monastery serves as a poignant reminder of the interconnectedness of civilizations and the enduring legacy of cultural exchange.
As each artifact unearthed and document deciphered adds a layer to the tapestry of human history, the Nestorian monastery in Turpan stands as a beacon of cultural heritage, inviting us to delve deeper into the rich tapestry of our shared past. Through such discoveries, we come to appreciate the resilience of human ingenuity and the enduring power of cultural exchange to transcend boundaries and enrich our collective heritage.
