A 1,400 to 1,500-year-old cemetery has been discovered during construction work for a future BYD automobile factory near Szeged, Hungary. What began as a routine archaeological assessment ahead of development turned into a remarkable discovery, shedding light on life—and death—during the Avar period.
A Fortuitous Discovery
Archaeologists from the Hungarian National Museum and the Móra Ferenc Museum were carrying out preventive excavations across the 300-hectare construction site when they unearthed an entire burial ground. These excavations, mandated by law for large-scale construction projects, revealed 152 graves and a wealth of artifacts that have stunned researchers.
According to Kornél Sóskuti, lead archaeologist at the National Museum, the work was carried out in full compliance with national heritage preservation regulations and in close collaboration with BYD, the Chinese electric vehicle manufacturer. “Projects of this magnitude are required to start with a preliminary archaeological assessment,” Sóskuti explained. “We began with test excavations in late 2024, which led to a full-scale archaeological contract.”
The aim was to evaluate any historically significant finds that could be impacted by construction. The site itself proved geologically promising: nestled between the Öthalom Hills to the south and Lake Fehér to the north, the area had a rich history of human habitation dating back to prehistoric times.
A Glimpse into the Avar Period
While the team hadn’t initially expected to find a cemetery, they were amazed to uncover a burial ground dating back to the Avar era—likely from the late 6th to early 7th century. They also believe there may be traces of burial sites from the Árpád dynasty as well.
Among the standout discoveries are golden earrings and a small Byzantine bell, offering a fascinating glimpse into the cultural and trade connections of the time. These finds not only highlight the region’s historical significance but also reflect burial customs and material wealth during the Avar period.
A Landscape Rich in History
The lakeshore area was previously studied by renowned Hungarian archaeologist and writer Ferenc Móra, who found evidence of continuous human presence from prehistory through the Middle Ages. The newly discovered cemetery adds another chapter to the long and layered history of the region.
Though the land lies in a low-lying plain often prone to flooding from the Tisza River, it yielded an unexpectedly rich archaeological trove. Excavations are still ongoing, with archaeologists expected to remain on site for several more months to ensure that every artifact is carefully documented and preserved.
As Hungary balances industrial progress with cultural preservation, discoveries like this serve as a powerful reminder of the deep histories that lie just beneath our feet—waiting to be uncovered.
