This plesiosaur vertebra was found during 2021 on private land and was almost fully hidden inside rock and thought this would be a great candidate to try out some acid prepping using acetic acid (vinegar). We used normal strength acid prep and removed the rock to within 1mm of the bone and then put it in acid to remove the rest. Watch the video to find out more!
First Contact - Seeing white man for the first time
Stumpy Brown is a Wangkujanka woman who lives at Christmas Creek in the Kimberley. Stumpy has seen many changes throughout her lifetime but nothing so dramatic, when as a teenager, she saw a white man for the first time.
In London archaeologists unearth a medieval man wearing his footwear
Archaeologists excavating a site along the Thames Tideway Tunnel—a massive pipeline nicknamed London’s “super sewer”—have uncovered the skeleton of a medieval man who literally died with his boots on.
"It’s extremely rare to find any boots from the late 15th century, let alone a skeleton still wearing them," says Beth Richardson of the Museum of London Archaeology (MOLA). "And these are very unusual boots for the period—thigh boots, with the tops turned down. They would have been expensive, and how this man came to own them is a mystery. Were they secondhand? Did he steal them? We don't know."
Unearthing skeletons during major construction projects is not unusual in London, where over the centuries land has been reused countless times and many burial grounds have been built over and forgotten. But archaeologists noticed right away that this skeleton was different.
The position of the body—face down, right arm over the head, left arm bent back on itself—suggests that the man wasn’t deliberately buried. It’s also unlikely that he would have been laid to rest in leather boots, which were expensive and highly prized.
In light of those clues, archaeologists believe the man died accidentally and his body was never recovered, although the cause of death is unclear. Perhaps he fell into the river and couldn't swim. Or possibly he became trapped in the tidal mud and drowned.
Sailor, fisherman, or "mudlarker"?
Five hundred years ago this stretch of the Thames—two miles or so downstream from the Tower of London—was a bustling maritime neighborhood of wharves and warehouses, workshops and taverns. The river was flanked by the Bermondsey Wall, a medieval earthwork about fifteen feet high built to protect riverbank property from tidal surges.
Given the neighborhood, the booted man may have been a sailor or a fisherman, a possibility reinforced by physical clues. Pronounced grooves in his teeth may have been caused by repeatedly clenching a rope. Or perhaps he was a “mudlarker,” a slang term for those who scavenge along the Thames' muddy shore at low tide. The man’s wader-like thigh boots would have been ideal for such work.
"We know he was very powerfully built," says Niamh Carty, an osteologist, or skeletal specialist, at MOLA. "The muscle attachments on his chest and shoulders are very noticeable. The muscles were built by doing a lot of heavy, repetitive work over a long period of time."
It was work that took a physical toll. Although only in his early thirties, the booted man suffered from osteoarthritis, and vertebrae in his back had already begun to fuse as the result of years of bending and lifting. Injuries to his left hip suggest he walked with a limp, and his nose had been broken at least once. There’s evident of blunt force trauma on his forehead that had healed before he died.
“He didn’t have an easy life,” says Carty. "Early thirties was middle age back then, but even so, his biological age was older.”
The investigation is continuing. Isotope analysis will shed light on where the man grew up, whether he was an immigrant or a native Londoner, and what kind of diet he had.
"His family never had any answers or a grave," says Carty. "What we're doing is an act of remembrance. We're allowing his story to finally be told."
The Mysterious Seven Seals Of Revelation!
In today’s video we will analyze the mysterious seven seals of Revelation. Watch the video to find out more!
Incredible Discoveries Made Thanks To Modern Technology
In this video we will investigate incredible discoveries made thanks to the modern technology. Enjoy!
12 Most Mysteries of Ancient Egypt That Scientists Still Can't Explain
Was there ever a race on Earth more advanced or mysterious than the ancient Egyptians? Sure, you could make an argument that all of today’s major nations and cultures have access to more technology and knowledge than the Egyptians did, but the Egyptians stand out because they were so far ahead of their time. In fact, there’s much about the ancient Egyptians that we still don’t understand today - as you’re about to find out.
Jesus Christ - Life Changing Quotes
This video contains some of the most powerful quotations from Jesus Christ. The Christian religion believes that Jesus was conceived by the Holy Spirit, was born of a virgin named Mary, performed miracles, founded the Christian Church, died by crucifixion as a sacrifice to achieve atonement for sin, rose from the dead, and ascended into Heaven, from where he will return.
Filthy Secrets of Rome's First Emperor's Daughter
In a world where power and deception twine tighter than vine around a trellis, only one woman holds the truth that can crumble an empire. With the blood of Caesar flowing in her veins and the secrets of Rome seared into her soul, the seemingly innocent Julia, the beloved daughter of Emperor Augustus, is the Empire's deadliest asset. This is the untold story of passion, treachery, and one woman's dangerous quest for freedom; the shocking chronicle of Julia, the daughter that Augustus could never control and Rome could never forget. Prepare to unearth the Filthy Secrets of Augustus' Daughter - a tale of ancient power struggles that echo with intrigue to this day.
The Most Brutal Punishments of Genghis Khan
Genghis Khan, born in 1162, was the founder and first emperor of the Mongol empire, the largest empire in history. He was born with a blood clot in his hand, an apparent symbol that he would have great power. At nine years old, his father brought him to meet his future wife, and on the way home, a rival tribe killed his father. Soon Genghis' brother started to exert control over the family, and Genghis was not going to let that happen.
His army took over places as far away as Kyiv, modern-day Ukraine. Genghis Khan is most well known for his brutal punishments and irrational behavior, though, and this life highlights his most ruthless of them all. According to history books, Genghis killed more people in twenty-five years than the Romans managed to do in four hundred years. Today we will share the most brutal punishments of Genghis Khan.
11 Most Incredible Civilizations Scientists Can’t Explain
The history of human civilization is fascinating and perplexing, as there are still many mysteries and unanswered questions about some of the world's most ancient cultures. In this video, you will be taken on a journey through time to explore the remarkable achievements of societies like the Indus Valley, Minoans, and Nabateans. These civilizations left an indelible mark on the world, from advanced urban planning and engineering feats to complex writing systems and artistic masterpieces. Yet, many of their practices and customs remain mysterious. Join us as we delve into the enigmatic past of these incredible civilizations.
Insane Secrets About Sex Lives Of Native Americans
The Wendat (Huron) are an Aboriginal people whose descendants live in four communities across North America – in Quebec, Michigan, Kansas and Oklahoma – and separately across the continent. Their ancestors of the 17th century became well-known in Europe because of the writings of Jesuit missionaries who lived with them.
The 300-year-old-in-a-day Chinese mummy 'Perfectly maintained' body turns black hours after casket is opened, confounding experts
Chinese archaeologists are perplexed by a 300-year-old burial site where two individuals were reduced to skeletons and one was completely preserved.
Baffled Chinese archaeologists are studying a 300 year-old coffin found with two others in which two of the bodies had been reduced to skeletons, but in which the third was almost perfectly preserved
Experts believe that when one of the coffins was opened, the man's face was perfectly preserved.
But after a few hours, the face started to become black, and the body started to smell bad.
The corpse's skin likewise turned black; it has since been transported to the nearby university for study.
It is believed that the body dates from the Qing Dynasty.
On October 10, 2013, it was discovered on a construction site in Xiangcheng, Henan Province, central China, in a two-meter-deep hole in the ground.
When the coffin was opened by historians at Xiangcheng said the man's face was almost normal but within hours it had started to go black, and a foul smell had appeared
According to MailOnline, Dr. Lukas Nickel, a specialist in Chinese art and archaeology at SOAS, University of London, preservations like these were unintentional.
Unlike ancient Egypt, for example, the Chinese did not treat the body in any way to preserve it.
However, they made an effort to safeguard the body by placing it in substantial caskets and sturdy tomb chambers.
The body was unearthed on October 2013 on a construction site in a two-metre-deep hole in the ground at Xiangcheng in Henan province, central China
Therefore, they placed a high value on the body's physical integrity. At least in early China, one anticipated that the deceased would continue to exist in the tomb.
At times throughout the Qing Dynasty, remains were preserved by the environment around the coffin.
In this instance, it is possible that the body was buried in a charcoal-covered, lacquered casket, which was typical at the period. Therefore, bacteria could not have entered.
If this were the case, Dr. Nickel said, the body would naturally become black and immediately decompose the moment air touched it.
The garments on the body indicate he was a very important official from the early Qing Dynasty, according to historian Dong Hsiung.
Historian Dong Hsiung said: 'The clothes on the body indicate he was a very senior official from the early Qing Dynasty. What is amazing is the way time seems to be catching up on the corpse, ageing hundreds of years in a day'
What is astounding is how the corpse appears to be ageing hundreds of years in a day as time seems to be catching up with it.
The Qing Dynasty, which followed the Ming dynasty and lasted from 1644 to 1912, was the final imperial dynasty of China prior to the founding of the Republic of China.
The empire tripled in size during the Qing era, and the population swelled from about 150 million to 450 million.
The Qing dynasty's domain served as the foundation for many of today's Chinese borders.
The 700-year-old mummy was found in the city of Taizhou, in Jiangsu Province in 2011
The Qing Dynasty's eldest son was in charge of the funeral rites, which would have involved numerous authorities.
Professor Dong suggests a different explanation for the preservation. He speculated that the deceased man's family may have utilized some items to preserve the body. Once it was unlocked, the natural disintegration process could actually begin.
We are making a lot of effort to preserve what is left, though.
The Qing Dynasty and the one before it are renowned for the quality of their preserved bodies.
A 700-year-old mummy that was in good condition was stumbled upon in 2011 in eastern China.
A team working to expand a street came uncovered the body of a high-ranking woman thought to be from the Ming Dynasty.
The mummy, found in 2011, was wearing traditional Ming dynasty costume, and in the coffin were bones, ceramics, ancient writings and other relics
The woman's features, from her head to her shoes, were still in remarkably good shape when she was found two meters below the road's surface.
The coffin included bones, ceramics, ancient manuscripts, and other artefacts, and the mummy was dressed in classic Ming period attire.
According to Wang Weiyin, director of the Taizhou Museum, the mummy's clothing was primarily comprised of silk and a small amount of cotton.
The most recent discovery, according to researchers, may help them comprehend the funeral practices and customs of the Qing dynasty as well as learn more about how bodies were maintained.
Mysterious flooding leads to discovery of 5,000-year-old underground city in Turkey’s Cappadocia
An underground city partly submerged underwater and estimated to be around 5,000 years old was discovered by municipality crews trying to determine the cause of flooding in several houses in the Avanos district of Turkey's central Nevşehir province, located at the heart of the historic Cappadocia region.
Owners of some 15 houses in the Çalış township of Avanos, which is inhabited by 2,200 people, informed the local municipality that their houses were filling up with water and they could not figure out why or where the water was coming from.
Municipality crews started discharging water from the homes while searching for the cause of the flooding, using heavy duty machines to open the entrances of a tunnel closed for safety decades ago and long forgotten by locals. After making more way into the tunnel, crews and locals found an underground city partially covered in clear water, which had caused the flooding, and saw that the houses were situated right on top of the flooded city's rooms and tunnels.
Initial examinations revealed that the underground city had three floors and comprised of homes, tunnels and places of worship stretching for five kilometers, in addition to a small human figurine believed to be an icon.
The parts of the underground city closer to the surface was being used by locals as an animal shelter until the beginning of the 20th century but later abandoned by them. Alaaddin Sarıtaş, a local from Çalış, told Demirören News Agency that the underground city was actually rediscovered 25 years ago when a child fell inside the tunnel but its entrances were later covered with soil to prevent further accidents.
Local tales referred to the underground city as Gir-Gör, which translates into English as "Enter and See."
The underground city is located some 80 kilometers away from Cappadocia's famous underground cities Derinkuyu and Kaymaklı.
The mayor of Çalış Kazım Yılmaz told Anadolu Agency that the underground city covers some 1.2 million square meters. "Those who had been there in the past say it is some 600 meters by 2 kilometers in size," he said, adding that technical analysis by archaeologists is needed to reveal its origins and exact dimensions.
It is impossible to clear the rubble and empty the water through municipality means, Yılmaz said, adding that they will apply to the cultural property protection board for the site to be registered as a historical site and ask for the Ministry of Culture's help to open the underground city to tourism.
The mayor noted that the ground level of the underground city was full of soil that came through the main entrance, and about two meters in length.
Yılmaz added that there were two other sites near the township, which are believed to be large underground cities.
Sarıtaş said that there were foreigners who had arrived in the township with maps trying to find the lost underground city, mentioning a source of "healing water" and "Ceasar's bath."
Ahmet Yılmaz, a local, also said that he used to crawl through the tunnels as a child and reach an area containing rooms.
The core of the historic Cappadocia region, currently falling under Ürgüp, Göreme and Avanos districts of Nevşehir and the Güzelyurt district of Aksaray, is located in the middle of a once-active volcanic area in central Anatolia. In addition to its iconic fairy chimneys and other natural rock formations over the course of millions of years, the soft volcanic rocks in the area enabled humans to carve out homes, places of worship, commercial buildings and even cities, thus making the region one of the earliest continuously inhabited sites in the world.
The region, famous for its wineries in its semi-arid climate and on volcanic soil, had lured the greatest states of the time, including the Hittites, Phrygians, Persians, Romans, Byzantines, Seljuks and Ottomans. It was also one of the earliest regions to adopt Christianity and survive from prosecution by building underground cities and settlements.
Despite existing historic settlements and continuous archeological interest in the region, Cappadocia is believed to contain countless historical sites and artifacts yet to be discovered.
The region is a tourism hotspot with boutique hotels and hot air balloon tours and has seen a significant rise in the number of tourists in recent years, especially from Japan and China.
Most Terrifying And Unusual Prehistoric Creatures!
In today’s video we will analyze some of the most terrifying and unusual prehistoric creatures. Enjoy!
Virtual Rome: What Did Ancient Rome Look Like?
What was it like to walk through the streets of Rome in the 2nd century? In this video we take a tour of the most important buildings and monuments of the Roman Empire in a way you've never seen before.
Real Hyperboreans? Ancient North Eurasians
People used to believe in an Arctic polar origin myth of the Aryan people. Sounds like nonsense but the story does resemble the truth about a people scientists are calling "Ancient North Eurasians" (ANE)
About 50% of the Yamnaya DNA came from ANE via two intermediate population known as Eastern Hunter Gatherers and Caucasian hunter gatherers. Their genes were originally discovered through the genome of a Siberian boy who died over 20,000 years ago referred to as either Mal'ta boy or MA-1.
The ANE lived on the mammoth steppe of Siberia and hunted megafauna. Maybe the Aryans remembered their Arctic ice age origin as large mammoth hunting ice age men. Watch the video to find out more!
Pompeii: New Studies Reveal Secrets From a Dead City
The ancient Roman town of Pompeii is one of the world’s most famous archaeological sites. Its exquisite villas, buried by volcanic ash in A.D. 79, have been the subject of study since the 18th century. But even now scientists continue to learn from the site. Modern imaging and chemical analysis of the human remains are adding depth to the picture of how Pompeii’s inhabitants lived.
Tribe meets white man for the first time - Original Footage
In the following video we will be going through an original footage of a tribe meeting a white man for the first time. Enjoy!
12 Most Incredible Recent Archaeological Finds
We cover all kinds of archaeology on this channel, but one of our favourite topics to cover is archaeological discoveries that have been made recently. There’s nothing quite so exciting as something ancient that’s been made new again by its rediscovery, and the past few years have shown that there’s still plenty out there to be found. Allow us to prove it to you by showing you some startling examples!
11 of the Most Mysterious Archaeological Finds
Maybe because it's simply too simple to come up with intriguing theories for how and why things exist, people are naturally drawn to bizarre discoveries. Archaeological finds reveal mysteries and question our assumptions of human history. The Earth holds numerous mysteries that have stayed dormant throughout the great fabric of humanity's existence, anxiously awaiting excavation by fearless explorers and dedicated archaeologists. They can either confirm or refute our perceptions of the past. Get ready to be startled as we unveil the hidden tales behind 11 of the most mysterious archaeological findings, exposing their secrets and luring you to reflect on the mysteries that have yet to be solved.
