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Deciphering the ancient scrolls of Herculaneum

March 4, 2024

Hidden beneath the ashes of Mount Vesuvius's devastating eruption in 79 AD lies the ancient city of Herculaneum, harboring a treasure trove: a library filled with precious papyrus scrolls. These scrolls hold the potential to unveil a wealth of Greek and Latin masterpieces, early Christian texts, and possibly the earliest references to Jesus himself. However, the volcanic fury that engulfed the city rendered these scrolls so fragile and charred that attempts to open them risked irreparable damage.

Yet, hope flickers anew with the advent of modern medical imaging technology. A team of three scholars, spearheaded by Brent Seales, a computer scientist hailing from the University of Kentucky, has embarked on a groundbreaking endeavor. Leveraging cutting-edge techniques such as CT scans and MRI, they aim to peer into the heart of these ancient scrolls without inflicting harm.

Seales, renowned for his prowess in digitally restoring medieval manuscripts, views the scrolls of Herculaneum as the pinnacle of challenge. Encased within a dense mass resembling charcoal, these scrolls taunt with their enigmatic contents, tantalizing scholars with the prospect of unlocking their secrets.

While the excavation site remains cloaked from public view, Massimo Osanna, the former custodian of Herculaneum and Pompeii, granted the 60 Minutes team exclusive access. Deep within the unexplored confines of the library, the tantalizing allure of undiscovered scrolls beckons, hinting at the untold stories and knowledge awaiting discovery.

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