Discoveries That Could Change History

From the Hopi Indians to the stone heap of the wild cat, in the following video we will be exploring discoveries that could change history. Watch the video to find out more!

The End Of The 12 Apostles

In the following video we will be explaining how the 12 Apostles passed away. Watch the video for more!

Decoding Angkor Wat: The Spiritual and Symbolic Heart of the Khmer Empire

Angkor Wat, a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in modern-day Cambodia, is more than just the world's largest religious monument. It's a testament to the ingenuity, vision, and spiritual depth of the Khmer Empire, which held sway over much of Southeast Asia from the 9th to the 15th centuries.

Join us on this breathtaking journey as we delve deep into the architectural marvel and spiritual heart of the Khmer civilization. We'll explore the intricate bas-reliefs, the iconic lotus bud towers, the celestial alignments, and the extensive network of moats and causeways, all of which carry layers of symbolic meaning tied to Hindu and later, Buddhist cosmology.

Our exploration isn't limited to stone and artistry alone. We'll also delve into the socio-political significance of Angkor Wat, reflecting on its role as the epicenter of the Khmer Empire and its transformation over the centuries. From the sacred abode of gods to a Buddhist temple, Angkor Wat's evolution mirrors the shifting cultural and religious landscape of the region.

We'll also hear from experts in the fields of archaeology, architecture, and Southeast Asian history, who will enrich our understanding of this extraordinary monument and its people.

Angkor Wat is not just a testament to the past; it's a symbol of national pride and resilience for the people of Cambodia. Come, uncover its symbolic meanings and its enduring relevance with us!

Unearthing Troy: The Mystery of Priam's Fabled City

For centuries, the city of Troy, as immortalized in Homer's epic, the Iliad, has captured the imagination of historians, archaeologists, and mythology enthusiasts. The city, ruled by King Priam during the legendary Trojan War, has long been thought of as a mere myth. But could the traces of this fabled city actually lie buried beneath the mound of Hissarlik in modern-day Turkey?

Join us as we embark on a thrilling journey of discovery, exploring the archaeological findings at Hissarlik, the intriguing evidence, and the ongoing debates among scholars. We'll hear from leading archaeologists, historians, and classicists who are at the forefront of this fascinating investigation.

We'll examine the pioneering work of Heinrich Schliemann, the 19th-century archaeologist who first proposed that Hissarlik was the site of Troy. We will scrutinize the artifacts, the architectural remnants, and the geographical congruences that seem to support this theory, and weigh them against the counter-arguments.

Is the Hissarlik Hill the site of the legendary city of Troy? Or are we still far from solving this ancient mystery? Uncover the clues with us, and form your own conclusions!

The Truth about the Ultimasaurus - Invincible or Epic Fail?

The Ultimasaurus is portrayed as an invincible force of nature put together using no other than the strongest hervibores and most fierce carnivores. But was this animal actually the menace it was portrayed to be? or was this animal too overrated? In this video we will break down this hybrid and uncover how it would use its plethora of weapons to maximum power... or minimum effectiveness. Enjoy!

Story of the first successful ascent of Ball's Pyramid in the Pacific Ocean

Ball’s Pyramid lies about twelve miles southeast of Lord Howe Island in the Pacific Ocean. The formation is a remnant of a shield volcano and caldera that formed about 7 million years ago. Ball’s Pyramid is based on the Lord Howe Rise, part of the submerged continent of Zealandia.

The Ball’s Pyramid is 1,843 feet high, while measuring only 3,609 feet in length and 984 feet across, making it the tallest volcanic stack in the world. Ball’s Pyramid has a few satellite islets. On the west side about 2,600 feet away is Observatory Rock and Wheatsheaf Islet. On the southeast side of Ball’s Pyramid about 2 miles away is a pinnacle called Southeast Rock.

The pyramid was named after Lieutenant Henry Lidgbird Ball, who discovered it in 1788. The first person to go ashore is believed to have been Henry Wilkinson in 1882, who was a geologist at the New South Wales Department of Mines.

Steep, eroded, and formed about seven million years ago, the Ball’s Pyramid is positioned in the center of a submarine shelf and is surrounded by rough seas, making any approach difficult. It sits off Australia, in the South Pacific Ocean approximately 400 miles northeast of Sydney, New South Wales.

It was first successfully climbed by a party from Sydney Rockclimbing Club in 1965 led by Bryden Allen.

This Is What Lived On Earth Before Dinosaur

We all know about dinosaurs. They’re almost as familiar as the animals that are still around today. But in the long history of life on earth there have been a ton of other weird and wonderful species roaming around, many of which just do not get the credit they deserve. So we’re going to set the record straight in this video. From the crazy pot bellied lizard to the beast with an enormous neck, here’s 20 Bizarre Looking Prehistoric Animals.

Unraveling the Epic of Gilgamesh: A Journey Through Ancient Mesopotamian Lore

In today's episode, we're taking a deep dive into one of the oldest known pieces of literature, "The Epic of Gilgamesh"

Born from the cradle of civilization, this ancient Mesopotamian epic tells the tale of Gilgamesh, a legendary king of Uruk, his friendship with the wild man Enkidu, and their heroic quests that range from battling mythical creatures to seeking the secret of eternal life.

Our journey will take us through the vivid narrative of this epic, exploring its themes of friendship, the human condition, mortality, and the quest for immortality.

We'll also delve into the historical and cultural context of the story, revealing its significance in the ancient world and its continued relevance today.

We'll be joined by experts in ancient literature and Mesopotamian history, who will help us explore the clay tablets on which this epic was inscribed and the intriguing cuneiform script used to record it.

We'll trace the epic's journey from its creation around 2100 BCE to its rediscovery in the 19th century CE, and its enduring legacy in modern literature and thought.

Whether you're a literature enthusiast, a history buff, or someone who appreciates the timeless narratives of human experience, this episode is a must-watch!

If you enjoy this deep dive into the Epic of Gilgamesh, don't forget to hit the like button, share it with friends, and subscribe to "Literary Lore" for more explorations into the great works of literature.

Let's uncover the power of ancient storytelling together!

Ice Age: Quaternary glaciation and Habitats of Hominin

In this video, the ice sheet's change process in the Northern Hemisphere during the Ice Age and the relationship with Hominin habitats at each period are displayed on a map and introduced. In addition, this video provides information about the Glacial and Interglacial periods during the Quaternary Ice Age. You can also check the ice sheet size in the northern hemisphere during the glacial period.

Beak Size Comparison

In this video we will be comparing beaks from different birds. Watch the video below and enjoy!

700,000-Year-Old Skull Found In Greece Completely Shatters ‘Out Of Africa Theory’

Nature has always been a random architect. Entering Petralona Cave, which was formed in the limestone of Katsika Hill about a million years ago, makes this very clear. The cavern, which is known as "the red-rock cave" because of the color the bauxite deposits give the stone, spans a surface area of 10,400 m2, and it is filled with stalactites, stalagmites, curtains and shields, columns, and other formations. A window into the prehistoric period was created by its discovery in 1959. It is currently the most significant of Greece's 12,000 caves because to its abundance of fossils (one of the richest collections in Europe) and the finding of the oldest human remains ever unearthed in Greece about 50 years ago.

The discovery of a fossilized human skull plus many other object led to the Petralona Cave being called the Parthenon of paleontology

The strange hole at the base of Katsika Hill was initially discovered by residents of the settlement of Petralona. They made a small entry, down by a rope, and then resurfaced carrying petrified animal teeth and bones that they presented to Professor Petros Kokkoros of Thessaloniki's Aristotle University. Greek scientists began excavating the site, revealing passages, and gathering artifacts after the discovery inspired the scientific community. The cave quickly became known outside of Greece as a treasure mine of geological and anthropological artifacts. Scientists made their most important find in September 1960 when they discovered a fossilized human skull among hundreds of other animal fossils from 22 different species, including extinct bears, lions, and hyenas.

The Geology and Paleontology Laboratory, 1963: the first of fossils from the Petralona Cave.From left: E. Tsorlinis, L. Sotiriadis, G. Marinos (director), Otto Sickenberg and H. Sakellariou-Mane

The physical features of the skull suggest that it belonged to a person evolving from Homo erectus to Homo sapiens. After much investigation and discussion, it is now thought to be 200,000 years old. An essential component of the human evolutionary puzzle was the skull. The "Parthenon of paleontology" has been researched by some of the top paleoanthropologists in the world.

Although the cave has not yet been fully explored, a man-made tunnel provides convenient access for tourists to appreciate the intricate formations and two examples of cave art. A bear is shown in one, which is near the cave's original entrance, and people are seen eating in the other.

The Petralona skull after the cleaning of its facial area by Prof. J. Melentis. Facial view.

However, it has not yet been established that people originally resided in the cave. There could have been an accident with the skull. Paleontologist Dr. Evangelia Tsoukala, a professor at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, and one of the researchers who examined the items recovered from the cave, says that future research involving international collaboration and new techniques will inform us of precisely what happened.

She says, "Halkidiki is continually producing fossils." "In Kryopigi, we found a giraffe, a wild boar, tiny mammals, large and small carnivores, and three different species of prehistoric horses. The most significant fossil we discovered was one of the best-preserved skulls of an Old World monkey called Mesopithecus pentelicus.

Ursus spelaeus, cave bear: Skull, mandible and a strongly vaulted forehead.

Researchers discovered a set of teeth from the upper jaw of a Deinotherium, a trunked animal with tusks that wandered the world between 5 and 10 million years ago, in another location called Aghia Paraskevi. They found numerous fossilized tree trunks in Kassandra and evidence of enormous turtles on the Halkidiki coast.

Next to the cave is an Anthropological Museum, a 1,000m2 structure with 400 exhibit cases and more than 2,500 findings from not just Halkidiki but also from other sites investigated by the Anthropological Association of Greece. Large mammal fossils discovered in Petralona Cave, stone and bone tools, and fossils from various locations of northern Greece are all on display.

Bone splinters, typical food remains left by hyenas, which few researchers had mistaken for bone artifacts.

The well-known human skull is on display at the Geology-Paleontology Museum at Aristotle University, along with a sizable number of casts and other global finds. The museum's collection also includes petrified mammals, including some predators from Petralona Cave. These artifacts, especially the Petralona Skull, provide us with priceless insight into not only our past but also—possibly—our future.

The Nychteridon (Bat) Chamber: Decoration with stalagmites covered with cave corals.

Source: https://www.greece-is.com/petralona-caveho...