Origins of Phoenician Trade
Phoenicia, located in modern-day Lebanon and Syria, flourished around 1500–300 BCE. Its coastal cities, such as Tyre, Sidon, and Byblos, became hubs of maritime trade, facilitating exchange between Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the western Mediterranean.

Maritime Expertise
Phoenicians were skilled sailors and shipbuilders. Their long, maneuverable ships enabled exploration, colonization, and trade over vast distances. Advanced navigation techniques, including the use of the stars and coastal landmarks, allowed them to traverse the Mediterranean safely.

Commodities and Influence
Phoenicians traded cedarwood, purple dye, glass, olive oil, and metals. Their trade networks spread not only goods but cultural and technological innovations, including the alphabet, which influenced Greek and Latin writing systems.

Colonization and Expansion
Phoenician merchants founded colonies, most notably Carthage, extending their economic and cultural influence. These settlements facilitated local trade and served as strategic points for long-distance commerce.

Legacy
Phoenician trade shaped the Mediterranean economy, culture, and communication systems. Their maritime prowess, commercial networks, and alphabet left a lasting legacy, influencing subsequent civilizations across Europe, Africa, and the Near East.