A remarkable collection of 321 silver coins from the 11th century has been uncovered during excavation work at the site of the future Sizewell C nuclear power station in England. The coins, originally wrapped in fabric that has since decomposed and encased in a lead container, are described by Andrew Pegg of Oxford Archaeology (OCA) as a "pristine archaeological time capsule." OCA is currently leading the excavations at the site.
A Glimpse into England’s Past
Minted between 1046 and 1044, the coins span the reigns of Harold I, Harthacnut, and Edward the Confessor. While most were struck in London, others originated from regional mints in Thetford, Norwich, and Ipswich, as well as smaller towns like Langport and Axbridge in southwestern England.
Experts believe the hoard was buried during a period of political unrest following Edward the Confessor’s coronation in 1042, marking the restoration of the House of Essex after 25 years of rule by Viking King Cnut and his sons.
A Treasure Hidden for Centuries
Archaeologist Andrew Pegg recalls the moment of discovery, likening the hoard’s compact shape to a lump of dough. "When we pulled it from the ground, I trembled at the sight of the first coin. The insights we gain from this find are incredible, and I am proud to have contributed, even in a small way, to the history of Suffolk."
The collection consists mostly of silver pennies, shedding light on England’s 11th-century economy and social structures. At the time, its value was equivalent to 16 cows—suggesting it belonged to a wealthy individual, possibly a successful farmer or merchant. The burial site, located at the intersection of two medieval boundary lines, was likely chosen for ease of recovery—though the original owner never returned to claim it.
A Window into Medieval England
Coin expert Alexander Bliss from Oxford Archaeology highlights the broader historical significance of the find:
"This new collection of coins offers rich insights into the historical landscape of the period, reinforcing evidence that Edward the Confessor’s ascent to the English throne was accompanied by uncertainty and social unrest."
The discovery is part of an extensive archaeological study preceding the construction of Sizewell C, a nuclear power station with two reactors set to generate 3.2 gigawatts of electricity.
Previous Archaeological Discoveries
Earlier excavations at the site have unearthed a variety of artifacts, including World War II equipment and an Iron Age axle.
Damian Leydon, site director for the Sizewell C nuclear project, describes the coin hoard as an "extraordinary find" that enriches our understanding of Suffolk’s deep history.
"This project provides a rare and fascinating glimpse into Suffolk’s past, offering a deeper understanding of this part of Britain. In collaboration with Oxford Archaeology, we plan to make these discoveries accessible to the public," Leydon explains.
