800 Year old Complete Chain Mail Vest Discovered by Accident

When Knights and Conquests Heritage Centre in Granard, County Longford, Ireland had their National Heritage Week in August of 2021 someone approached the general manager Bartle D’Arcy who was wearing a costume of chain mail.

The man, who will remain anonymous, said he had “some of that at home”. Two days later the man brought in a complete hauberk, or chain mail vest. D’Arcy was shocked as he had never seen a full vest as a discovered artifact.

The man who had it claimed he was doing some work on his property using a digger bucket. The hauberk came up with the dirt from a drain and fortunately, caught someone’s eye.

The man, not knowing what he had, just threw it into his shed. As it turns out the artifact is over eight hundred years old and of Norman origin, according to irishtimes.com.

The reason the chain mail survived in such excellent condition was because it was in water. According to D’Arcy, rust only occurs when water and air mix.

After showcasing it in the Norman Heritage display for Heritage week, it went to the National Museum of Ireland for restoration and verification.

The museum is subjecting the vest to X-rays, consulting with those who are experts in the genre and comparing it to chain mail already dated and verified.

According to medievallondon.ace.fordham.edu, chain mail became a popular means of protecting oneself during the late Middle Ages from about 1300 to 1485. It would deflect arrows and sword tips but useless against larger weapons.

If it was severely bent it could cause injuries by poking into the wearer’s skin. Because it was made from iron it was extremely heavy and could get very hot in the sun.

It was made by fashioning iron wire into links that were flattened by a hammer with enough layers to make a strong fabric.

Some substituted chain mail for bulky armour and some combined the two. Within the first few years after chain mail shirts were being used headpieces, shirts, vests, gloves, and leg coverings were available.

Only the wealthiest knights wore chain mail as it is so labour intensive to make the cost was out of reach of the common foot soldier. Today replica chain mail is made from aluminium to solve the weight problem but wouldn’t do much in a battle.

The use of chain mail in Ireland goes back to about 1172 just after the Norman invasion. The Normans left the largest earthwork in Ireland in Granard.

It was built on the site of a castle constructed by Richard de Tuite in 1199 when the Normans wanted complete control of the Emerald Isle.

The Motte, as it is called, is so high that one can see parts of nine countries and five lakes from the top. As with anything unknown, stories surround the Motte and what its contents may be. Some say it was for grain storage and is most likely empty while others believe the castle still stands inside the Motte.

D’Arcy believes the chain mail is affiliated to the castle due to the expense of the item at the time. According to irishtimes.com, D’Arcy remarked, “It is an amazing, extraordinary find. This all happened because of a chance encounter.

They didn’t know what it was because it got stuck in the digger bucket. Unless you knew your history you wouldn’t really know what it was”. The chain mail vest is scheduled to be put on display in Longford after the restoration, preservation and certification take place.

Source: https://militaryhistoria.com/pre-ww1/chain...

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When Scientists Studied Fossilized Dinosaur Eggs, They Found An Amazing Secret Inside Their Shells

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Then, in 2017, experts examined the fossilized eggs in greater depth using a novel method. What they discovered may alter our preconceived notions regarding the dinosaurs. Inside the shells of fossilized dinosaur eggs, researchers discovered an amazing secret. Specifically, there had been a distinct lack of scientific understanding of one aspect of dinosaur life up until that point. In point of fact, Florida State University (FSU) Biology professor Gregory Erickson stated in 2017 that virtually nothing is known about some of the greatest dinosaur riddles. As a result, he set up a new research team to try to find answers to some of these problems.

After that, Erickson and his team of experts examined the embryos of two distinct dinosaur species in order to accomplish this. Also, by laying out the age of the undeveloped organisms, he and his group arrived at a few intriguing decisions about how dinosaurs lived and duplicated. In addition, their findings may even provide insight into the mass extinction event that drove these organisms extinct from the planet. Everywhere in history. Of course, fossils of dinosaurs have always fascinated people greatly.

Additionally, research and technology have advanced significantly since these domains were first discovered. We keep learning new things, but it hasn't just been fully formed dinosaurs that have shown us amazing secrets. In the middle of the 19th century, paleontology became a science. In fact, when british researchers discovered dinosaur bones for the first time, they hypothesized that the creatures had reproduced in a manner comparable to that of modern reptiles. However, the first fossilized eggs were not actually discovered on earth or in france until later, in 1859.

When Scientists Explored An African Quarry, They Dug Up A Lost Link To Egypt

Egypt, not too far from the banks of the Nile. Excavators from Lund University in Sweden are hard at work. An ancient quarry that dates back thousands of years and is about to produce fruit is the focus of their efforts. You have to understand that the group is currently unearthing something significant, and although they are not yet aware of it, it appears that their discovery has a connection to one of the most well-known leaders of Ancient Egypt.

At the point when researchers investigated an african quarry, they uncovered a last connect to Egypt. Tutankhamun was the Pharaoh of antiquated Egypt for about a long time from 1333 BC. He rose to the high position when he was around eight or nine, thus he didnt go with political choices all alone. All things being equal, Tutankhamun had various significant guides who helped him out. Tutankhamun wasn’t especially very much viewed as a Pharaoh during his rule, however, perplexingly, he turned out to be maybe the most popular of the relative multitude of old egyptian pioneers. This is to a great extent down to his unblemished resting place, which was revealed in 1922 by the english excavator howard carter.

Following the revelation Tutankhamuns burial place and the articles found inside it proceeded to catch the publics creative mind, the pharaoh went into well known creative mind, and right up to the present day, he stays a wellspring of incredible interest. In that capacity, any new disclosures connected with the figure are of gigantic worth. Over at the old quarry lately, the swedish archeological groups revelation in 2019 couldnt be straightforwardly followed to Tutankhamun himself, yet it seemed, by all accounts, to be connected with one of his direct relations. Moreover, the find may likewise have the option to reveal a few insight into old Egypt and its people groups rehearses. The site being referred to is known as jebel el silsila, and its situated around 40 miles from the egyptian city of aswan. Arranged along the stream Nile Jebel el Silsila was once a significant quarrying site. What's more, too before long find, rock was extricated here from one or the other side of the waterway for a long while. Jebel el Silsila at first turned into a significant spot for quarrying during the eighteenth line of old Egypt between around 1549 to 1292 BC.

Eventually during this period, egyptian development laborers began to utilize sandstone rather than limestone, and the previous could be found at Jebel el Silsila. A few structures in noticeable areas in old egypt were collected with stone removed from the Jebel el Silsila site. This rock was recovered from the earth and formed into stone blocks known as gifts. These thusly were then used to develop various structures. As a matter of fact, stone from jebel el sol sila is accepted to have been utilized in most of old egypts most noteworthy sanctuaries. This incorporates developments at Luxor, Karnak, quiet on Bowen, Medinet Habu, and that the actual quarry sanctuaries have been found, which had evidently been raised by individuals running tasks there. The fundamental lord of Jebel Silsila is the crocodile god Sabic, who was accepted to control the waters, likewise connected with the force of egyptian pioneers military strength and ripeness.

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We'll be exploring the various theories surrounding Hyperborea's location and the evidence that supports them. We'll also be taking a closer look at some of the amazing artifacts and ruins that have been discovered in the region. From ancient temples to mysterious stone circles, there is no shortage of fascinating sights to discover in Hyperborea.

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Has Atlantis Been Found?

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Plato's story of Atlantis begins with the philosopher Critias recounting a conversation he had with his grandfather, who had heard the story from the ancient Athenian statesman Solon. Solon had traveled to Egypt and had learned about Atlantis from the priests there, who claimed that their civilization was older than any other on Earth.

In the story, Atlantis was ruled by a series of kings who were descended from Poseidon, the god of the sea. The Atlanteans were said to have created a utopian society, with advanced technology, sophisticated architecture, and a highly organized political system. The city itself was said to be constructed of precious metals, including gold, silver, and bronze.

However, as the Atlanteans became more prosperous and powerful, they became arrogant and began to act disrespectfully toward the gods. According to the story, Zeus, the king of the gods, became angry and decided to punish the Atlanteans by causing a catastrophic earthquake and flood that destroyed their civilization and caused the city to sink beneath the ocean.

Possible Remains of a Grim Ancient Egyptian Ritual Include a Pit of Severed Hands

A recent analysis suggests that the twelve severed hands discovered heaped up in the courtyard of an ancient Egyptian palace may have been the product of a macabre "trophy-taking" ritual by an outsider.

As early as the New Kingdom, which lasted from the 16th to the 11th centuries BCE, inscriptions and reliefs from Egyptian tombs and temples show hands that have been cut off or amputated. The real amputated hands have never been discovered or examined by archaeologists before, claim the study's authors.

According to the study's authors, "they belonged to at least eleven males and maybe one female, which may suggest that women and warfare were not poles apart."

The researchers examined the right hands that were discovered in 2011 and were buried in three different pits in the courtyard of the Hyksos palace at Avaris/Tell el-Dab'a in northeastern Egypt.

The palace was built during the 15th Dynasty (1640–1530 BCE), a time when the Hyksos kings controlled over Lower and Middle Egypt up to the modern-day city of El Quseyya, which was then known as Cusae. It was once believed that the Hyksos were Egyptian invaders and that their monarchs were the first foreign rulers of the civilization. However, current research suggests that this notion may have been false.

The severed hands discovered in the pits, according to the German and Austrian study team, are from at least 12 adults, while the finding of numerous fragmentary hands and fingers suggests that there may have been as many as 18 hands in all.

The researchers, led by paleopathologist Julia Gresky of the German Archaeological Institute in Berlin, first looked at taphonomic explanations for the hands' specific positioning. After death, bodies and body parts are examined by taphonomy to evaluate the processes of preservation, decomposition, and fossilization.

The researchers believe the severed hands may have been placed on purpose, even though it is typical for human parts to drift apart over time, be forcefully separated by flood or scavenger, or progressively separated by weathering and erosion.

The authors state that the hands were buried with their fingers widely spread, mostly on their palmar sides, after any associated pieces of the forearm were removed.

Six of the 12 hands analyzed had intact proximal row carpal bones, a group of 8 tiny bones in the wrist that connects hands to forearms. Researchers believe the hands were purposefully severed by slicing through the joint capsule and then cutting through the tendons that connect the wrist because no lower arm bone fragments were discovered.

Gresky and colleagues state that "mutilating persons without concern to their life is often done by cutting the arm at any anatomical position."

"This approach leaves a portion of the lower arm still linked to the hand, but it is quicker and simpler. If this was the case, individuals presenting the hands or those in charge of the event cared enough about how they were presented to cut off portions of the lower arm "add the authors.

The fact that the hands were still "soft and pliable" when they were found in the pits, according to the experts, suggests that they were either buried before the onset of rigor mortis or shortly after it had gone.

After a few hours, rigor mortis peaks around 12 to 24 hours and, depending on factors including humidity, temperature, and the age and physical condition of the deceased, often diminishes between 1 to 3 days.

For example, rigor mortis of the hand often starts 6 to 8 hours after death. Onset differs for various bodily regions as well. So, the researchers came to the conclusion that the bodies were probably dismembered during or just before a ceremony, and that the hands were then buried in the pit once rigor mortis had gone.

The researchers claim that right-hand amputation was used by the Hyksos in Egypt between 50 and 80 years before it was mentioned in tomb hieroglyphs.

According to a relief depicting a mass of hands at King Ahmose's temple in Abydos, "the Egyptians adopted this ritual at the latest in his reign," they write.

The authors state that one of the most crucial concerns this study seeks to address is whether the mutilation served as a sort of punishment or a reward for military success.

"The concept of law-enforcing punishment as the motivation for these acts argues against the location, treatment, and possibly posture of the severed hands," they contend.

On the magnificent forecourt of the palace, in front of the royal room, were the trenches where the hands were interred. The fact that they were positioned in such a noticeable spot where the general public could see them, according to the team, is evidence of how pervasive this "trophy-taking" behavior was.

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