Excavations in the historic city of Pergamon have led to the discovery of an impressive Roman-era residential complex, now referred to as the "Mosaic House." This significant find is part of Turkey’s "Heritage for the Future" project, shedding new light on the architectural grandeur of the ancient city.
Pergamon: A Legacy of Greek and Roman Influence
Pergamon, an ancient Greek city located near modern-day Bergama, Turkey, once stood as a major cultural and political center. During the Hellenistic period, it served as the capital of the Kingdom of Pergamon, a successor state following the dissolution of the Lysimachian Empire. By 188 BC, Pergamon had reached its peak, covering approximately 220 acres.
Inspired by Athens, the city’s planners sought to create a "second Athens," complete with a magnificent acropolis, the famed Library of Pergamon—once considered the second greatest library after Alexandria’s—and an array of temples and public buildings. Among its many architectural achievements was a grand theatre capable of accommodating up to 10,000 spectators.
Discovery of the Mosaic House
Under the direction of Prof. Dr. Yusuf Sezgin, head of the Archaeology Department at Manisa Celal Bayar University, the excavation team uncovered a large residential complex distinguished by a peristyle courtyard and a central pool. This opulent dwelling, dating back to the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD, is believed to have been abandoned after a devastating fire, likely caused by Arab raids in the 7th century.
One of the most striking features of the Mosaic House is its intricate mosaic flooring, which suggests that it belonged to a prominent and wealthy resident. The mosaics, dating from the 3rd and 4th centuries AD, showcase detailed geometric and floral designs, further emphasizing the artistic and cultural richness of the era.
Hellenistic Period Artefacts and Royal Connections
In addition to the mosaics, archaeologists also unearthed a sealed roof tile from the Hellenistic period. According to Prof. Dr. Sezgin, the tile bears the inscription "Basilique," signifying a connection to royal ownership. While similar artefacts have been found in previous excavations, this is the first instance of a fully intact sealed tile being discovered in Pergamon, adding a valuable piece to the city’s historical puzzle.
The ongoing excavations continue to provide remarkable insights into Pergamon’s past, reinforcing its significance as a key center of ancient civilization and architectural achievement.
