Archaeologists Uncover Bulgar-Golden Horde Complex in Tatarstan

Discovery in Alekseevsky District

Archaeologists working in the Alekseevsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan have unearthed a significant Bulgar-Golden Horde period complex. This discovery sheds light on the region’s history, tracing back to the Volga Bulgaria era and its later incorporation into the Mongol Empire.

Historical Context: The Rise of Volga Bulgaria

Following the fall of Old Great Bulgaria in the 7th century, the Bulgarians of Kotrag migrated to the middle Volga region, where they established Volga Bulgaria with Bolghar as its capital. Positioned along the Volga River’s middle course, the new state flourished as a vital trade hub connecting Europe and Asia. In the 13th century, Volga Bulgaria was conquered by the Mongols and became part of Ulus Jochi, later known as the Golden Horde.

Excavations Reveal Ancient Burial Grounds and Settlement

During preparations for a highway construction project, archaeologists uncovered two burial grounds and a settlement dating back to the 10th–14th centuries AD. According to a statement by the State Committees of the Republic of Tatarstan, the sites are linked to both the Bulgar pre-Mongol and Golden Horde periods, as well as aspects of the Chiyalik culture.

Image Credit : State committees of the Republic of Tatarstan

Findings at the Site

The complex consists of three designated locations: Sakonsky Burial Ground I, Sakonsky Burial Ground II, and Sakonskoye Settlement IV. Excavations have yielded a variety of artifacts, including fragments of circular and moulded ceramics, grinding stones, bone remains, and pit burials containing human skeletal remains.

This discovery provides valuable insights into the cultural and historical transitions of the Volga region, enriching our understanding of the interactions between the Bulgars and the Mongols during the medieval period.