Scholars and researchers convened in Lucknow for a three-day annual conference focused on Second Urbanisation, where they examined key developments in India’s early history. The discussions highlighted archaeological investigations from regions such as Nalanda, Bhadohi, and the Ramganga river basin, alongside studies on Buddhist monastic traditions and megalithic cultures near Shravasti.
Other presentations explored the continuity of Indo-Islamic architecture in Old Delhi, the structural strength and earthquake resistance of the Khajuraho temples, and ancient practices related to soil and environmental conservation. Speakers also raised concerns about the ongoing neglect of many historical sites, citing issues such as vandalism, poor documentation, and insufficient preservation of unexplored locations.
The conference was organised by the Department of Anthropology at the University of Lucknow, in collaboration with several archaeological organisations, and was supported by the Archaeological Survey of India. Experts stressed that combining environmental studies, material culture, and living traditions is crucial for understanding how ancient urban centres were established, sustained, and adapted over time. They also emphasised the need for interdisciplinary research and stronger conservation efforts to protect India’s archaeological heritage.
