Animals as Divine Intermediaries
In early societies, animals were not symbols alone—they were believed to embody divine forces. Humans saw animals as bridges between the natural and supernatural worlds.

Political Power and Sacred Beasts
In Egypt, falcons represented kingship through Horus. In Mesopotamia, bulls symbolized strength and fertility. In Mesoamerica, jaguars embodied royal authority and cosmic power.

Totemism and Identity
Many cultures identified clans or tribes with specific animals. These associations shaped social structure, warfare, and ritual obligations.

Animals in Myth and Cosmology
Creation myths often featured animals as world-bearers, creators, or guardians of sacred knowledge. The cosmic turtle, serpent, and bird appear across continents.

Control Through Sacred Symbolism
By associating rulers with sacred animals, elites reinforced authority and legitimacy. Religion, politics, and nature became inseparable.