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The Oldest Known Surgical Procedures in History

December 4, 2025

Exploring Early Medical Practices and Healing

Long before modern medicine, humans practiced surgical interventions. Trepanation, the controlled removal of a piece of the skull, is among the oldest known procedures, performed over 7,000 years ago.

Purpose and Practice
Trepanation may have treated head injuries, relieved cranial pressure, or served ritual purposes. Remarkably, skulls show signs of healing, suggesting that patients often survived these operations.

Other Early Procedures
Archaeological evidence points to treatments for fractures, tumors, and dental issues. Tools made of bone, flint, and bronze reflect an understanding of anatomy and technique that predates modern surgical methods.

Legacy of Ancient Medicine
These early medical interventions illustrate human ingenuity and adaptability, revealing how prehistoric communities combined observation, skill, and experimentation to heal and sustain life.

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